Anesthesiology

Anaesthesia underpins modern surgery with major recent technical and pharmacological advances. The session covers total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) protocols, regional anaesthesia and neuraxial techniques (ESP, PECS, quadratus lumborum), geriatric anaesthesia (frailty-stratified approaches), paediatric anaesthesia (FDA paediatric label warning re-evaluation), difficult airway management (videolaryngoscopy as primary, DAS 2024 guidance), and anaesthesia complications (post-operative delirium, residual neuromuscular blockade). Discussion addresses opioid-free anaesthesia trends, multimodal analgesia, TIVA vs volatile anaesthesia, depth-of-anaesthesia monitoring (BIS, SedLine), pre-operative assessment clinics, and emerging closed-loop anaesthesia systems.