Endocrine Surgery

Endocrine surgery encompasses thyroid, parathyroid and adrenal disease with multiple minimally-invasive innovations. The session covers minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (image-guided, intraoperative PTH monitoring), robotic thyroidectomy (transaxillary, retroauricular, transoral), intraoperative neuromonitoring (continuous IONM), adrenal cortical carcinoma surgery (open vs MIS comparison), pheochromocytoma management (perioperative alpha-blockade), and AI for thyroid nodule risk stratification (Koios, S-Detect). Discussion addresses central neck dissection in thyroid cancer, bilateral vs unilateral neck exploration, parathyroid auto-transplantation, post-thyroidectomy hypocalcemia, robotic parathyroidectomy, and workforce development.